palladium4dThe sum of the palladium 4d and chlorine 3p characters for an electron–hole is approximately 100%. Additional few percents of metal 5s, chlorine 4s and 4p charactersA representation of the atomic spectrum of palladium. Ionisation Energies and electron affinity. The electron affinity of palladium is 53.7 kJ mol ‑e ionisation energies of